“0.618黄金杯”和不同基质对油茶组培苗生根的影响

为了解决油茶组培苗根系发生困难的问题,将油茶无菌短枝组培苗分别扦插在运用"0.618黄金水位"原理制作的"黄金杯"和扦插常用的传统营养杯中,两种营养杯中分别填入以1︰1的珍珠岩与草炭的混配基质、细河沙及红心土,就不同营养杯和不同基质处理对油茶组培苗生根的影响情况进行了对比试验。结果表明:采用1︰1的珍珠岩与草炭的混配基质,将油茶无菌短枝组培苗扦插在运用"0.618黄金水位"原理制作的"黄金杯"中,可使油茶组培苗在30天内发生出10.68条/株、平均根长为7.52㎝的根系,其发根率为100%。     

湘中丘陵区马尾松林粗木质残体研究

以湘中丘陵区马尾松林为研究对象,分析粗木质残体(CWD)的储量特征、物种组成、径级结构以及腐烂等级,研究湘中丘陵区马尾松林CWD的基本特征。结果表明:湘中丘陵区马尾松林CWD的平均储量为1.72 t/hm2,马尾松和杉木是针叶CWD的主要组成树种,樟树、南酸枣、枫香是阔叶CWD的主要组成树种。马尾松-阔叶树种混交林的CWD总储量显著大于马尾松-杉木混交林的,两者的CWD总储量与其对应森林总生物量的比例差异明显,且均表现为随森林生物量增长而增加的趋势。CWD的个体数量随着径级的增加而减少,呈反J型下降趋势,且不同存在形式CWD的数量比例大致表现为倒木枯立木大枝根桩。CWD具备完整的腐烂等级(Ⅰ~Ⅴ级),主要集中在Ⅰ、Ⅱ腐烂等级,且随着径级的增加,各腐烂等级CWD的数量比例呈现逐渐减少的趋势。     

植物生长调节剂GGR8在寒富苹果栽培上的应用

通过对绿色植物生长调节剂GGR8号在寒富苹果栽培上的应用进行的试验研究,结果表明:GGR8能够提高寒富苹果的品质,20、40、60 mg·kg-1等3种施用浓度在新梢生长量、含糖量、硬度方面均比对照有所提高,尤以60 mg·kg-1的施用浓度应用效果最好,其新梢生长量达到了36.7 cm,比对照增加9.3 cm;单果质量达到了240 g,比对照增加了95 g;含糖量达到了15%,比对照提高3个百分点;硬度达到了9.5 kg·cm-2,比对照增加了1.1 kg·cm-2。     

Engineered-airlift pumps for aquaculture applications using multiphase flow analysis

Currently, very few aquaculture operations are employing airlift pump technology for water recirculation, aeration, and waste removal. This is likely due to the poor design and lower efficiency of traditional airlift design, the limited amount of research effort that has been invested in improving performance capabilities of air lift pumps and the general lack of awareness of the industry about the inherent advantages of airlift systems. A new efficient airlift pump is hydrodynamically designed by incorporating the Volume of Fluid (VOF) multi-phase model along with the K-ε turbulence model utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools. The pump is designed to offer a substantial reduction in total energy usage as well as an improved quality of the culture products in order to make it attractive to aquaculture industry. In this study, both numerical and experimental investigations were carried out for airlift systems operating under two different submergence ratios of 50% and 90% in a lab setting using 2.54 cm diameter pumps. Also, the performance of a large-scale pumps of 10.16 cm diameters were also tested in an aquaculture raceway to determine its effect on the operation. The numerical results were found to be in agreement with the experiments within ±20% which is considered very reasonable for multiphase flow analysis. The present study was found to present a great tool for modelling the airlift pump performance, and potentially proposing new designs.     

Role of cytokeratin 8 on changes of intestinal epithelial permeability induced by corticotropin-releasing factor

AIM: To investigate the role of cytokeratin 8 (CK8) on the change of intercellular permeability of intestinal epithelial cells induced by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). METHODS: The expression levels of CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) and CRFR2 on human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell surface were determined by immunofluorescence staining. After treatment with 100 nmol/L CRF for 72 h, the translocation of FITC-labelled dextran was measured in a Transwell chamber. The structural changes of tight junctions were observed under transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of CK8, and tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin were determined by Western blot. The activity of protein kinase C (PKC) was detected by ELISA. Furthermore, the effects of CRF on intestinal epithelial permeability were examined in CK8-silencing HT29 cells, which were constructed by infection with sh-CK8 lentivirus. RESULTS: CRF treatment increased the permeability of FITC-labelled dextran (P<0.05), caused the opening of tight junctions, and induced increased fluorescence intensity of CK8. The expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 were down-regulated (P<0.05). PKC activity was decreased at 1 h after CRF treatment (P<0.05). CRF-induced increase in the permeability and down-regulation of occludin were not blocked by CK8 silencing. Nevertheless,CK8 silencing blocked the effects of CRF regarding the decrease in the expression levels of ZO-1 and the increase in PKC activity (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CK8 may be involved in CRF-induced increase in intestinal epithelial permeability by inhibiting the activity of PKC, and there may be other signaling pathways involved.     

切轴流式双滚筒大豆种子脱粒机设计与试验

为解决大豆种子脱粒损伤率高和脱净率低的矛盾,提出了钉齿式副滚筒切流预脱、弓齿与钉齿相间组合排列的主滚筒轴流脱粒、切轴流式双滚筒组合脱粒方案,进行了脱粒关键部件结构与参数设计,采用直径较小而短的副滚筒完成大豆植株的打击、抓取和拖带等切流预脱,主脱粒滚筒与副滚筒同向等速且轴向长度和直径均较大,由弓齿与钉齿组合而成,进行大豆的轴流脱粒;设计了样机并进行了脱粒性能试验。采用二次回归正交旋转中心组合优化试验方法,分别建立大豆脱粒损伤率、未脱净率与喂入量、主滚筒转速和主滚筒脱粒间隙关系的回归数学模型,利用Design-Expert 8.0软件对该模型进行优化求解得到最佳参数组合,试验结果表明:在大豆籽粒含水率为17%~19%、秸秆含水率为12%~15%、大豆草谷比1.275条件下,当喂入量为0.44 kg/s、主滚筒转速为489 r/min、主滚筒脱粒间隙为25.06 mm时,大豆脱粒损伤率为1.18%、未脱净率为0.65%;与传统大豆脱粒机相比可使脱粒损伤率和未脱净率分别降低0.22个百分点和0.38个百分点。     

立式轴流泵装置进水流道出口流态与脉动试验分析

进水流道出口流态是影响立式轴流泵装置运行稳定性的关键因素之一,基于立式轴流泵装置整体物理模型,采用在肘形进水流道出口段壁面布置丝状红线和压力脉动传感器,研究分析了不同转速时立式轴流泵装置肘形进水流道出口段的流态及压力脉动变化规律。结果表明,当流量小于0.7Qbep时肘形进水流道出口段内壁面的丝线偏移方向与叶轮旋转方向相同,各测点的脉动幅值均随转速的增加而增加;当流量大于0.7Qbep时肘形进水流道出口段内壁面的丝线偏移方向与泵轴方向相同,各测点的脉动幅值随转速的增加而减小。相同转速时,各测点的脉动幅值随流量的增大先减小后增大,在最优工况时脉动幅值最小。不同转速下,流道出口各测点的脉动主频均为4倍转频,最优工况时各测点的脉动次主频均为1倍转频。随转速增加,肘形进水流道出口段各测点主频幅值的增幅存在差异性,小流量工况时各测点的脉动主频幅值增幅小于最优工况和大流量工况。     

基于多指标评价和分形维数的坡耕地优先流定量分析

以重庆紫色砂岩区坡耕地田间染色示踪试验为基础,采用形态学和统计学方法,对3种坡耕地土壤剖面染色图像进行指标提取,运用多指标评价法确定了优先流指数PFI,并结合几何学中的分形理论,定量评价了土壤优先流的发育程度。结果表明:6个优先流特征指标(优先流区染色面积比、基质入渗深度、优先流分数、长度指数、峰值指数和变异系数)均表现出南瓜地和柑橘地的优先流程度高于玉米地;优先流指数PFI由大到小为南瓜地(0.88)、柑橘地(0.77)、玉米地(0);通过Fractal Fox 2.0软件计算得到的优先流湿润峰迹线分形维数由大到小为南瓜地、柑橘地、玉米地。与土壤优先流指数PFI进行比较,所得结果基本一致,说明利用分形维数来评价土壤优先流发育程度是准确可行的。     

基于STM8的交流电压检测系统设计

本文针对交流电压测量,设计了一种基于STM8的交流电压检测系统。该系统利用运算放大器等对交流信号进行处理后输入STM8中内置的ADC,实现模数转换,通过软件调试记录测量数据并绘制曲线,结果表明,该系统设计简单,技术指标满足需求,具有较好的使用价值。